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Objective To evaluate the anti-oxidative function of siwu decoction.Methods Using aged mice model and setting three dose groups(0.58 g/kg BW, 1.17 g/kg BW, 3.50 g/kg BW), negative control group, after feeding four groups for 30 days with the lyophilized powder of the siwu decoction product, removing accessories, the content of lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH)and protein carbonyl, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were tested. Results In the control group, the activity of SOD was(33.0±3.4)U/mgprot, and the content of GSH and protein carbonyl were(5.56±0.73)mg/gprot,(2.30±0.22)nmol/mgprot, respectively. Compared with the control group, the activity of SOD in the high dose group(39.2±6.3 U/mgprot)and the content of GSH in the medium and high dose group[(7.04±0.86) mg/gprot,(6.81±1.02)mg/gprot, respectively]was significantly higher(P<0.05); the content of protein carbonyl notably in the high dose group[(1.78±0.32)nmol/mgprot]significantly decreased(P<0.05). No obvious difference in the content of MDA were observed between each dose group and the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Siwu decoction has obvious antioxidant effect on aged mice.
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Objective To investigate the effects of dendrobium officinale leaves on sperm quality and testicular tissue morphology in parent(P)and offspring(F1、F2)rats.Methods P、F1、F2 rats were fed with dendrobium officinale leaves at the dose of 0,2.0,4.0,6.4g/kg·bw for two generation reproduction,and the testicular and epididymal viscera coefficients,the quantity and quality of sperm were examined and the histopathological assessment was carried out. Results There were no statistical differences in the testicular and epididymal viscera coefficients,sperm quantity,sperm motility rate and sperm malformation rate compared with the control group in P,F1,F2 rats(P>0.05). There were no differences between 0 and 6.4 g/kg·bw groups on the testicular and epididymal tissue morphology in P,F1,F2 rats. Conclusion Dendrobium officinale leaves didn't show obvious adverse effects on sperm quality and testicular tissue morphology in P,F1,F2 rats.
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Objective To investigate effects of xylo-oligosaccharides with chitooligosaccharides on alcohol-induced liver injury and immune function in mice. Methods Different doses of chitosan oligosaccharide (0.045 g/kg-0.26 g/kgB.W) and xylo-oligosaccaride (0.055 g/kg-0.32 g/kgB.W) were feed to the mice for 30 days. The mice live-injury model was induced by alcohol. MDA、 GSH、 TG level in liver and T lymphocyte proliferation of spleen cells induced by conA, the antibody-producing cells, and natural killer (NK) activity were detected. Results Compared with the live-injury model group, MDA level of low/middle dose group, TG level of middle dose group and pathological evaluation score of liver steatosis of high dose group in mice liver were decreased because of chitosan oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccaride feeding. Compared with the control group, the ability of T lymphocyte proliferation of mouse spleen induced by ConA and the antibody-producing cells were increased in mice of middle and high dose group. The differences had statistical significances (P<0.05) . Conclusion Under this experimental condition, xylo-oligosaccharides in combination with chitooligosaccharides could protect the mice from alcohol-induced liver injury and enhance immune function in spleen of normal mice synergistically.
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Objective To study maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenecity of Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu in SD rats.Methods A total of 64 successfully mated female SD rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups (16 per group), in which 3 experimental groups were daily treated with 3.75, 7.5 and 15.0 g/kg. bw test substance by lavage from 7th to 16th day during gestation respectively. Body weight and general conditions of the pregnant rats were recorded during the study. On the 20th day in pregnancy, the rats were anatomized and examined grossly, the fetuses were removed and counted, weight, length, visceral and skeletal changes were then examined. Results There was no significant difference in the conception rate, total weight gain during the pregnancy and the number of living, dead and resorbed fetuses between each dosage groups and the control group (P>0.05) . The number of the rib, sternum, the fifth sternum punctated and the parietal bone which were ossified defectively all showed no difference among the four groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu extract had no obvious maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenecity in SD rats under this experiment condition.
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Objective To evaluate the safety of the Eucommia folium and to provide the basis of the rational use ofEucommia folium resource.Methods According to < Technical Standards for Testing & Assessment of Health Food>,version 2003, acute safety test/micronucleus test of born marrow in mice/sperm shape abnormality test in mice/Ames test andthirty-day feeding test were all performed after water extract concentrations of Eucommia folium treatment (1 mLconcentrations equal to 1.5 g Eucommia folium) . Results On the acute toxicity test, the MTD of rats and mice were both40.0 mL/kgbw. The results of genetic toxicity test were all negative in the dosage of 10 g/kg bw(according to the dosage ofEucommia folium) .The results of thirty-day feeding test indicated that there have no significant differences in body weight,blood cytology indexes, blood biochemical indexes, organ/body ratio and pathematology examination in the rats in all thegroups (0.83, 1.67, 3.30 mL/kg) as compared to the control group(P>0.05) . Conclusion Under this experimentalcondition, no obvious abnormity and toxic reaction were observed.
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Objective To explore the mutagenic effect of sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) on zebrafish p53 gene coding sequence(CDS) in somatic cell.Methods The experiment was carried out using tuebingen strain of zebrafish, according to the results of acute toxicity test to determine the exposure levels in zebrafish.Zebrafish were randomly divided into blank control group and exposed groups, each containing 10 zebrafish.After exposing for 45d of NaPCP, the RNA was extracted from liver of zebra fish, and the p53 gene including a complete coding sequence of was obtained by RT-PCR.Results LC50 of NaPCP was 18.4 μg/L.Sequence analysis showed that the p53 gene CDS length of 1125bp, encoding 374 amino acids.The percent identity between the published zebrafish sequence of p53 (GI:425876786)and ours was 99.2%,with the other biological sequence of p53 existing some differences.After 45d exposure, zebrafish p53 gene of NaPCP exposure group had mutated at the concentration of 1.8 μg /L.The base substitution of GAG→AAG at codon 8,CAT→CAG at codon 148 and CAG→CAA at codon 229 were detected by PCR-directed sequencing.This may result in the Glu→Lys and His→Gln of expressed p53 protein.Conclusion NaPCP is a kind of gene mutation, which can induce the mutation of p53 gene in zebrafish somatic cells, that has the potential mutagenic risk for humans.
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Objective To explore the influence of 30 day feeding test of health food containing caffeine on the physiological state of SD rat.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into five groups according weight :three health food containing caffeine(1.64,3.28,6.57 g/kg),one health food containing reduced caffeine (6.48 g/kg)and the control group. Haematological and biochemical parameters were measured at the end of experiment,and main organ tissue analysis was also performed.Results Weight at the end of 4 week,weight after absolute diet,total weight increased,and total food consumption and food consumption at the end of 4 week in 6.57 g/kg groups of male rats were decreased compared with the control group (P <0.05 ).Conclusion In comparison with 6.48 g/kg group,all those changes may be caused by overhigh caffeine in 6.48 g/kg group.
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Objective To learn the toxic effects on rats repeatedly exposed to dichloromethane by dermal route at the same dose for 28 days.Methods Seventy two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups:a solvent control group (oliver oil),four exposure groups (0.75,1.5,3.0 and 6.0 g/kg·BW)and a recovery group.Each group included six female and six male rats.The exposure groups were dermal exposed to DCM at 1.5,3.0 and 6.0 g/kg·BW,6 hours/day,5 days/week for four weeks.The recovery group was dermal exposed to 6.0 g/kg BW of DCMduring the same period then recovered for 2 weeks.Clinical signs including body weight and food consumption of each group were observed.After rats were sacrificed,the hematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined.Histopathological examination was performed on selected tissues for all animals.Results The male rats in test groups including four exposure groups and a recovery group,showed decreased body weight gain.Neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia were determined in females of 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg BW groups and males of 1.5,3.0 and 6.0 g/kg BW groups by blood routine test (P <0.05).The mean levels of serum ALT and AST significantly increased in males of 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg BW groups (P <0.05).Only the mean level of serum TG in males of 6.0 g/kg BW group decreased (P <0.05).No significant differences of these indexes were shown in female rats of all exposure groups compared to control group.The exposure -related significant increases on the incidences of epidermis and dermis lesion,hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were observed in test groups compared to the control group.The rats of recovery group were exhibited normal percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils,levels of ALT,AST and TG. The skin and hepatocellular lesion were improved to some extent, but not recovered exactly.Conclusion In a 4 -week repeated -dose toxic study,DCM induce dose -related effects in rats involving skin lesion and liver injury with adverse changes in body weight gain of male rats,part parameters of hematology and serum biochemistry .
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Objective To know the effect of nanometer titanium dioxide (nano -TiO2 )on the oxidative stress in zebrafish. Methods A total of 64 zebrafishes were randomly divided into 4 groups with different concentrations of nano -TiO2 exposure,which including control group,low dose group (2 mg/L),moderate dose group (8 mg/L)and high dose group (32 mg/L).The content of MDA,the activities of SOD and ATPase in gill,liver and muscle were measured in 1 0 zebrafishes in each group after 30 d exposure.Histopathological changes of gill,liver and muscle in the remainder fishes were observed.Results The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA)in the fish gill of the moderate and high dose group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05).The activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD)in the fish gill of the high dose group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P <0.05).The activities of Adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase)in the fish gill of the moderate and high dose group were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P <0.05).The changes on the content of MDA and the activities of SOD in the fish liver were similar with that in the fish gill after nano -TiO2 exposure,while there was no significant change in the activity of ATPase of the fish liver.And no significant changes were observed in the content of MDA,the activities of SOD and ATPase in the fish muscle (P >0.05 ). Histopathological observation showed infiltration by inflammatory cells, swelling and degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis in zebrafish gill and liver with different degrees.Conclusion Nano -TiO2 exposure could induce the oxidative stress in zebrafish,causing pathological changes in the fish gill and liver.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of extracts from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et. Gilg (TDG) on immune functions of ICR mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ICR mice were exposed to different doses of EAF for 15 or 30 days and then their immune functions were analyzed, including ConA-induced splenic lymphocyte transformation, SRBC-induced delayed type hypersensitivity response, serum hemolysin analysis, antibody-producing cells, peritoneal macrophage phagocytized chicken red blood cells, natural killer cell activity, and serum level of cytokines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EAF of extracts from TDG at different doses had various effects on immune functions of ICR mice. As compared with the controls, it increased the mouse spleen lymphocyte transformation induced by ConA, the left-hind voix pedis thickness and the number of plague forming cells (PFCs) at the dose of 1.82 mg/mL, 5.48 mg/mL, and 9.12 mg/mL, respectively; increased the ink clearance ability at the dose of 0.91 mg/mL, 1.82 mg/mL, 5.48 mg/mL, and 9.12 mg/mL, respectively; increased the phagocytosis index of mononuclear-macrophages and production of serum interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) at the dose of 5.48 mg/mL; and could promote the production of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at the dose of 9.12 mg/mL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EAF of extracts from TDG can regulate mouse immune functions in vivo.</p>
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Animals , Mice , Acetates , Pharmacology , Antibody Formation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunity, Cellular , Mice, Inbred ICR , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Vitaceae , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate IFN-gamma producing-cells (IFN-gamma PCs) in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) model of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) was applied to study IFN-gamma PCs in MHC mismatched mice spleen cell MLR and aGVHD model of mice.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>IFN-gamma PCs increased significantly in MLR after allogeneic mice spleen cell stimulation. In the experimental mice aGVHD model, IFN-gamma PCs were significantly higher in the severe aGVHD group than those in the moderate aGVHD. In the moderate aGVHD group, mice with GVHD prophylaxis regimen demonstrated significantly lower level of IFN-gamma PCs, compared with those without prophylaxis. IFN-gamma PCs were significantly correlated with the GVHD clinical scores in the group with moderate aGVHD and prophylaxis regimen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ELISPOT is a fast, sensitive and specific approach to evaluate alloresponse in allogeneic mice MLR and IFN-gamma PCs are correlated closely with the severity of aGVHD and prophylaxis regimen in the MHC-mismatched mice model.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Methods , Graft vs Host Disease , Allergy and Immunology , Interferon-gamma , Genetics , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the antimutagenicity of propolis in vivo and in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were used as a test model in vitro against a direct mutagen DMC and an indirect mutagen 2AF with or without S9 mix, and MN formation of mice bone marrow cell and CAs induction of mice testicle cell were applied as a test model in vivo against two mutagens CP and MMC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The present study clearly demonstrated that propolis could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF directly in a dose-dependent manner, and significant antimutagenic effects (P < 0.05) were obtained in TA98 strain at 2000 and 3000 microg/plate. It also could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF to TA98 strain in a dose-dependent manner, with significant antimutagenic effects (P < 0.05) appeared at 1000, 2000, and 3000 microg/plate. The results of antimutagenicity test in vivo revealed that propolis could inhibit MN formation significantly (P < 0.05) at the doses of 45.0 and 135.0 mg/kg b. w., and decrease the frequency of chromosome aberrants and chromosome aberrant cells significantly (P < 0.05) only at the dose of 135.0 mg/kg b. w.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The propolis is a good inhibitor for mutagencity of DMC and 2AF in vitro, as well as for CP and MMC in vivo.</p>